Subject-Verb Agreement in Hindi: 35+ Rules with Examples 2023

Subject-verb agreement, English Grammar का एक महत्वपूर्ण टॉपिक है। Competitive exams एवं Board exams में इस पर आधारित प्रश्न अवश्य पूछे जाते हैं। इस पोस्ट को पढ़ने के बाद नीचे दिए गए Quizzes से Practice जरूर करें।

Subject-Verb Agreement Meaning in Hindi

Subject-Verb Agreement का अर्थ है “subject के अनुसार verb का प्रयोग“

मौटे तौर पर, Subject-verb agreement दो rules पर आधारित है-

(A) Subject (Singular) ———- Verb (Singular)

यदि किसी वाक्य का subject, singular है तो उसका verb भी singular होगा।

• Mohan is going to Jaipur.

▶ यहाँ subject Mohan (singular) है, अतः verb is (singular) आया है।

(B) Subject (Plural) ———- Verb (Plural)

यदि किसी वाक्य का subject, plural है तो उसका verb भी plural होगा।

• Mohan and Sohan are going to Jaipur.

▶ यहाँ subject Mohan and Sohan (plural) है, अतः verb are (plural) आया है।

◾ Subject-verb agreement संबंधी questions को solve करने के लिए subject की पहचान करना आना आवश्यक है कि subject, singular है या plural; उसी अनुसार इसके साथ verb का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Important chart for Subject-verb agreement

Subject-verb agreement के rules को पढ़ने से पहले निम्न chart को समझिए-

Subject-Verb Agreement Rules in Hindi

Subject-Verb Agreement के rules को सरल तरीके से समझिए-

1. Two or more singular subjects connected with “and”

यदि दो या दो से अधिक singular subjects ‘and‘ से जुड़े हों, तो verb हमेशा plural number में प्रयोग की जाती है। यह एक basic rule है।

• Mohan and his father are going to Jaipur.

• Ram, Shyam and Sohan are coming.

2. Two or more Pronouns connected with “and”

यदि दो या दो से अधिक Pronouns ‘and‘ से जुड़े हों, तो verb हमेशा plural number में प्रयोग की जाती है।

• You and I am going to participate in the training program. [use ‘are‘ in place of ‘am‘]

• You and he has a lot of experience in this field. [use ‘have‘ in place of ‘has‘]

• You and I am responsible for preparing the presentation for the meeting. [use ‘are‘ in place of ‘am‘]

3. Use of “-s/-es” with Main Verb

आप जानते हैं कि किसी Noun में s/es लगाने पर वह Plural बन जाता है। जैसे–

इसके विपरीत, किसी Main Verb में s/es लगाने पर वह Singular बन जाती है। जैसे–

Rule को समझिए-

(1) क्या आप जानते है कि Main Verb (go, eat, play, etc.) के भी Singular & Plural form होते हैं, यह केवल Present simple tense में ही होता है।

(2) Present simple tense में Main Verb अपने original रूप में Plural मानी जाती है, लेकिन जब उस Verb में s/es लगा देते हैं तो वह Singular बन जाती है।

(3) यदि कोई वाक्य Present Simple tense में हो, तो Singular Subject के साथ हमेशा Main Verb में ‘s/es‘ लगता है। इस बात का विशेष ध्यान रखें। Exams में Main Verb में से ‘s/es‘ को हटाकर grammatical error संबंधी Question पूछे जाते हैं। जैसे–

• The bird sing a sweet melody. (✖)
  The bird sings a sweet melody. (✔)

• The sun rise in the east. (✖)
  The sun rises in the east. (✔)

4. Two or more singular subjects with “each/every/no”

यदि दो या दो से singular subjects ‘and‘ से जुड़े हों तथा प्रथम subject या दोनों subjects के पहले “each, every या no” का प्रयोग हो, तो verb singular number में प्रयोग की जाती है।

इसका कारण: इसका कारण यह है कि each/every/no को singular माना जाता है।

• No boy and no girl were present in the class. [use ‘was‘ in place of ‘were‘]

• No phone and no laptop were allowed during the presentation. [use ‘was‘ in place of ‘were‘]

• Each day and each hour are important in our life. [use ‘is‘ in place of ‘are‘]

• Every tree and flower were in full bloom in the garden. [use ‘was‘ in place of ‘were‘]

5. When ‘each’ is used after the subject

जब ‘each‘ का प्रयोग subject के बाद किया जाता है, तो verb plural आती है।

• They each are sincere.
  (उनमें से प्रत्येक ईमानदार हैं)

• They each have a unique approach to problem-solving.
  (उनमें से प्रत्येक के पास समस्या का निकालने का एक अनोखा दृष्टिकोण है)

• We each have taken steps to improve our communication skills.
  (हममें से प्रत्येक ने अपने संचार कौशल को बेहतर बनाने के लिए कदम उठाए हैं)

6. Some pair words connected with “and”

कुछ pair words (युग्म शब्द) देखिए जो ‘and‘ से जुड़े हुए हैं-

Rule-

(1) यदि ये pair words (युग्म शब्द) किसी वाक्य के subject के रूप में प्रयुक्त हों तथा एक ही वस्तु का भाव प्रदर्शित करें तो इनके साथ singular verb का प्रयोग होता है क्योंकि इन्हें एक unit माना जाता है।

• Bread and butter is my favourite breakfast.
  (ब्रेड और बटर मेरा पसंदीदा नाश्ता है)

▶ यहाँ ‘ब्रेड और बटर’ दोनों मिलकर “नाश्ता” का भाव प्रदर्शित कर रहें हैं। इस कारण singular verb का प्रयोग हुआ है।

Examples :

• The horse and carriage is standing at the door.
  (द्वार पर घोड़ा-गाड़ी खड़ी है)

• The crown and glory of life is character.
  (जीवन का का सबसे महत्वपूर्ण पहलू चरित्र है)

• The sum and substance of his argument was that simplicity leads to happiness.
  (उसके तर्क का सार-संक्षेप यह था कि सादगी खुशी की ओर ले जाती है)

(2) यदि इनसे दो अलग-अलग वस्तुओं का भाव प्रदर्शित हो तो इन्हें अलग-अलग unit माना जाता है। अतः तब इनके साथ plural verb का प्रयोग होता है

• Bread and butter are sold here.
  (यहां ब्रेड और बटर बेचे जाते हैं)

▶ यहाँ ‘ब्रेड और बटर’ दो अलग-अलग वस्तुओं के बेचने का जिक्र हुआ है, इस कारण यहाँ plural verb का प्रयोग हुआ है।

7. When two singular nouns refer to the same person

यदि दो singular nouns “and” से जुड़े हों तथा केवल प्रथम noun के पहले article (a, an, the) या possessive adjective (my, his, your, our…) का प्रयोग हो, तो इससे एक ही व्यक्ति (same person) का बोध होता है। अतः verb = singular आएगी।

• The director and producer is going to Jaipur.

▶ यहाँ केवल प्रथम noun “director” के पहले article “the” का प्रयोग हुआ है, इससे पता चलता है कि “director” और “producer” एक ही व्यक्ति है अतः verb ➡ singular (is) आयी है।

• My friend and philosopher is coming to your house.

▶ यहाँ केवल प्रथम noun “friend” के पहले possessive adjective “my” का प्रयोग हुआ है, इससे पता चलता है कि “friend” और “philosopher” एक ही व्यक्ति है अतः verb ➡ singular (is) आयी है।

Examples :

• The musician and composer are collaborating on a new song. [use ‘is‘ in place of ‘are‘]

• The architect and engineer are designing a sustainable building. [use ‘is‘ in place of ‘are‘]

• The photographer and videographer were capturing the event’s highlights. [use ‘was‘ in place of ‘were‘]

• My brother and best friend are joining us for dinner. [use ‘is‘ in place of ‘are‘]

8. When two singular nouns refer to two different persons

यदि दो singular nouns “and” से जुड़े हों तथा दोनों nouns के पहले article (a, an, the) या possessive adjective (my, his, your, our…) का प्रयोग हो, तो इससे दो अलग-अलग व्यक्तियों (two different persons) का बोध होता है। अतः verb = plural आएगी।

• The director and the producer are going to Jaipur.

▶ यहाँ दोनों nouns “director” और “producer” के पहले article “the” का प्रयोग हुआ है, इससे पता चलता है कि “director” और “producer” दोनों अलग-अलग व्यक्ति हैं। अतः verb ➡ plural (are) आयी है।

Examples :

• The poet and the philosopher are no more. (✔)

• The poet and the novelist are known for their literary contributions. (✔)

• The journalist and the reporter have retired from the field of news. (✔)

• The psychologist and the therapist have dedicated their lives to helping others. (✔)

• My mentor and my friend are always there to offer guidance. (✔)

9. Use of Verb with “The + Noun + of + Noun”

एक expression देखिए-

ऐसे expressions में प्रथम Noun ही वास्तविक Subject माना जाता है और इसके अनुसार ही Verb Singular/Plural प्रयोग की जाती है।

• The taste of ripe strawberries were sweet and juicy. [use ‘was‘ in place of ‘were‘]

• The speed of the internet connection affect our work. [use ‘affects‘ in place of ‘affect‘]

• The colour of the ripe apples on the tree are a bright, juicy red. [use ‘is‘ in place of ‘are‘]

• The history of the country is filled with tales of heroes and legends. (✔)

▶ उपरोक्त वाक्यों में प्रथम Noun- Taste, Speed, Colour, History हैं, जो कि Singular हैं अतः इनके अनुसार ही Verb Singular (is, was) आयी हैं।

ध्यान रखें-

Preposition (of, in, etc.) के बाद आने वाला Noun/Pronoun कभी भी वाक्य का Subject नहीं हो सकता है। अतः Preposition के पहले आने वाला Noun/Pronoun ही वाक्य का Subject होता है और उसी के अनुसार Verb Singular/Plural प्रयोग की जाती है।

10. Verb according to the first subject

यदि दो या दो से अधिक subjects निम्न connectives के द्वारा जुड़े हो, तो Verb हमेशा प्रथम subject के अनुसार Singular/Plural प्रयोग की जाती है (the verb is used according to the first subject)।

इसका कारण: इसका कारण यह है कि ऐसे वाक्यों में प्रथम subject को ही वास्तविक (real) subject माना जाता है।

• Mohan as well as his friends are attending the party. [use ‘is‘ in place of ‘are‘]

• The teacher, along with her students, are going on the field trip. [use ‘is‘ in place of ‘are‘]

• She together with her friends is coming today. (✔)

• John, like his brothers, is sincere in his intentions and commitments. (✔)

• The coach, and not the players, was praised for the team’s performance. (✔)

▶ उपरोक्त वाक्यों में प्रथम subjects- Mohan, The teacher, She, John, The coach हैं, इनके अनुसार ही Verb का प्रयोग हुआ है।

11. Verb according to the nearest subject

जब दो या दो से अधिक subjects निम्न से जुड़े हों, तो verb अपने सबसे निकट वाले subject के अनुसार singular या plural आती है।

• Either he or his friends have broken the glass.

▶ यहाँ verb “have” (plural), अपने निकटवर्ती subject “his friends” (plural) के अनुसार आयी है।

Examples :

• Neither the student nor his parents was present to receive the award. [use ‘were‘ in place of ‘was‘]

• Not only he but also his sons was involved in the murder. [use ‘were‘ in place of ‘was‘]

• None but the dedicated students were present at the lecture. (✔)

• Sohan or his family is going on a vacation to the beach. (✔)

• Nobody else but Mohan has the keys to the office. (✔)

▶ उपरोक्त वाक्यों में verb अपने निकटवर्ती subject- parents, sons, students, family, Mohan के अनुसार आयी है।

12. Nouns with the specific amount, sum, quantity, distance, weight, time, period

यदि किसी plural noun से एक निश्चित राशि (amount of money), निश्चित मात्रा (quantity), निश्चित दूरी (distance), निश्चित वजन (weight), निश्चित समय (time), निश्चित ऊँचाई (height) या निश्चित अवधि (period) का बोध हो, तो उसके साथ singular verb आती है।

इसका कारण: इसका कारण यह है कि ऐसी स्थिति में इन plural nouns को “as a unit” (एक unit) या “as a whole” माना जाता है और ये singular बन जाते हैं।

• Ten rupees are not a big amount. [use ‘is‘ in place of ‘are‘]

• Two miles are not a long distance to jog in the morning.
  [use ‘is‘ in place of ‘are‘]

• One thousand rupees were a large amount twenty years ago.
  [use ‘was‘ in place of ‘were‘]

Note: यदि इन plural nouns से अलग-अलग unit का बोध हो, तो इसे plural माना जाता है तथा इसके साथ plural verb का प्रयोग होता है।

• Five thousand rupees have been spent on repairing the car. (✔)

• Two hundred rupees were lost during the boat ride. (✔)

इनके अंतर को समझिए–

• Two thousand rupees is a handsome amount. (एक unit)
• Two thousand rupees were lost while shopping at the mall. (अलग-अलग unit)

13. A number of, A large number of, A great number of, The number of

A number of, A large number of, A great number of के बाद noun और verb दोनों plural आते हैं।

• A number of students were absent from class today. (✔)

• A great number of challenges were faced during the project. (✔)

परन्तु, The number of के बाद noun तो plural ही आता है लेकिन verb हमेशा singular आती है। इस बात का विशेष ध्यान रखें।

इसका कारण: The number of का प्रयोग एक निश्चित संख्या के अर्थ में होता है। इस कारण इसके साथ singular verb आती है।

• The number of available seats is limited. (✔)

• The number of questions asked during the Q&A session were outstanding.
  [use ‘was‘ in place of ‘were‘]

• The number of job opportunities in the tech industry are on the rise.
  [use ‘is‘ in place of ‘are‘]

परीक्षाओं में The number of के बाद plural verb का प्रयोग कर grammatical error संबंधी question पूछे जाते हैं।

14. More than one, More (plural noun) than one

More than से संबंधित निम्न तीन rules को समझिए-

(1) More than one के बाद noun और verb दोनों singular आते हैं।

• More than one car was parked in front of the house. (✔)

• More than one team is participating in the sports competition. (✔)

(2) More (plural noun) than one के बाद verb plural आती है क्योंकि इसमें subject plural है।

• More opportunities than one are available in this field. (✔)

• More books than one were recommended by the teacher. (✔)

• More ideas than one were proposed for the project. (✔)

(3) More than two/three..etc. के बाद noun plural आती है तथा verb भी plural आती है।

• More than two thieves were arrested for stealing cars in the neighbourhood.

• More than two men were playing soccer in the park.

15. Nothing but

कुछ वाक्य Nothing but से शुरू होते हैं और इसके बाद singular या plural noun आती है। ऐसे वाक्यों में verb हमेशा singular आती है चाहे Nothing but के बाद आने वाला noun singular हो या plural.

इसका कारण: ऐसे वाक्यों में subject nothing होता है जो हमेशा singular माना जाता है, इस कारण इसके साथ singular verb आती है।

• Nothing but dedication is needed to master a new skill. (✔)

• Nothing but the sound of rain was heard outside. (✔)

• Nothing but the finest ingredients are used in our recipes. [use ‘is‘ in place of ‘are‘]

• Nothing but the sound of turning pages were heard in the library. [use ‘was‘ in place of ‘were‘]

16. Each, Every, Either, Neither

Each, every, either, neither का प्रयोग pronoun के रूप में हो या adjective के रूप में, इनके साथ verb हमेशा singular आती है क्योंकि इन्हें singular माना जाता है। इस बात का विशेष ध्यान रखें।

इनसे संबंधित निम्न तीन rules हैं-

(1) यदि each, either, neither का प्रयोग किसी वाक्य के subject के रूप में हो, तो Verb Singular आती है।

• There are 20 students in our class, each has a unique talent.

(2) यदि each, every, either, neither के बाद कोई Noun आए तो वह हमेशा singular form में होता है तथा इनके साथ Verb Singular आती है।

• Each question in the quiz was challenging.

• Every house on the street has its own unique design.

• Either option is acceptable for the project.

(3) Each of, Either of, Neither of, Every one of के बाद Noun/Pronoun तो Plural आता है लेकिन Verb हमेशा Singular आती है। (Important rule)

• Each of the employees are responsible for their own tasks. [use ‘is‘ in place of ‘are‘]

• Either of the movies are suitable for family viewing. [use ‘is‘ in place of ‘are‘]

• Neither of the students were able to solve the question. [use ‘was‘ in place of ‘were‘]

• Every one of the planets in our solar system have its own orbit. [use ‘has‘ in place of ‘have‘]

इन तीनों rules को निम्न table से समझिए-

17. Verb should be according to the real subject, not ‘Apposition’

कुछ वाक्य ऐसे होते हैं जिनमें subject के साथ Apposition दिया हुआ होता है। ऐसे वाक्यों में Verb अपने real subject के अनुसार ही प्रयुक्त होता है, Apposition के अनुसार नहीं।

व्याख्या : Apposition वह शब्द या phrase होता है जो subject के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी (additional information) प्रदान करता है, वह स्वयं कोई subject नहीं होता। अतः Verb अपने असली subject के आधार पर प्रयुक्त होती है, Apposition के अनुसार नहीं।

• My friend, a talented musician, is performing tonight.
  (मेरा दोस्त, एक प्रतिभाशाली संगीतकार, आज रात प्रस्तुति कर रहा है।)

• James, one of my best friends, is coming to visit India.
  (जेम्स, मेरे सबसे अच्छे दोस्तों में से एक, भारत घूमने आ रहा है)

• Mr. Gupta, a dedicated teacher, has been educating students for over 20 years.
  (श्री गुप्ता, एक समर्पित शिक्षक, 20 वर्षों से अधिक समय से छात्रों को शिक्षित कर रहे हैं)

• I, an aspiring writer, am working on my first novel. [don’t use ‘is‘ as verb]
  (मैं, एक महत्वाकांक्षी लेखक, अपने पहले उपन्यास पर काम कर रहा हूँ)

▶ उपरोक्त वाक्यों में “a talented musician“, “one of my best friends“, “a dedicated teacher“, “an aspiring writer“, Apposition हैं जबकि My friend, James, Mr. Gupta, I, Subject हैं।

18. Use of Verb with “Relative Pronoun”

यदि किसी वाक्य में Relative Pronoun (who. which, that) का प्रयोग हो, तो Verb हमेशा Relative Pronoun के पहले आने वाले Noun/Pronoun के अनुसार प्रयोग की जाती है।

• The movie that I watched last night was amazing.

▶ यहां, “who” एक Relative Pronoun है और इसके पहले आने वाला Noun “movie” है जो कि Singular form में है अतः इसके अनुसार Verb “is” का प्रयोग हुआ है।

Examples :

• The book that I borrowed from the library is quite thick.

• The company that I work for is known for its innovation.

• The scientist who discovered the new element was awarded the Nobel Prize.

• The laptop which I bought last month is incredibly fast.

• The restaurant which serves vegetarian dishes is my favourite.

• The teacher who taught us mathematics was strict but fair.

19. “One of” related Rules

One of से संबंधित निम्न दो rules हैं-

(1) One of के बाद Noun/Pronoun तो Plural आता है लेकिन Verb हमेशा Singular आती है। (Important rule)

• One of the animals at the zoo are a rare white tiger. [use ‘is‘ in place of ‘are‘]

• One of the hobbies I enjoy are playing the guitar. [use ‘is‘ in place of ‘are‘]

• One of the houses in the neighbourhood have a red door. [use ‘has‘ in place of ‘have‘]

• One of them always has a solution to our problems. (✔)

(2) लेकिन यदि “One of + Plural Noun/Pronoun” के बाद Relative Pronoun (who, which, that) का प्रयोग हो, तो ऐसे वाक्यों में who, which, that के पहले आने वाले Noun/Pronoun के अनुसार Verb आती है।

व्याख्या : इस प्रकार के वाक्यों में “who, which, that” के पहले आने वाला Noun/Pronoun Plural ही होता है। इस कारण Verb हमेशा Plural ही आती है।

Examples :

• She is one of the singers who have a powerful and melodious voice.

• He is one of those athletes who have represented our country in international competitions.

• This is one of the paintings that were displayed at the art exhibition.

• This is one of the websites that provide useful information on various topics.

▶ उपरोक्त वाक्यों में Relative Pronoun (who, which, that) के पहले आने वाले Nouns- “singers, athletes, houses, paintings, websites” Plural हैं जिनके अनुसार Verb Plural (have, are, were, provide) आयी है।

इन दोनों rules के अंतर को समझिए-

• One of the reasons for the delay is the heavy traffic. (✔)
• This is one of the houses that are available for rent in our neighbourhood. (✔)

इन दोनों rules के structure निम्न table से समझिए-

Note : “One of” के इन दोनों rules में अक्सर confusion हो जाता है अतः आप इन्हें ध्यानपूर्वक समझें।

20. None/None of

यदि None अकेले ही किसी वाक्य का subject हो तो verb singular आती है।

• None was aware of the secret plan.

• None has faced challenges like she has.

None of के दो rules हैं-

1. यदि None of के बाद countable noun आए तो verb singular/plural कोई भी प्रयोग की जा सकती है, दोनों सही हैं।

• None of the team members was/were present at the meeting. (✔)

• None of the trees in the forest was/were tall enough for climbing. (✔)

2. यदि None of के बाद uncountable noun आए तो verb singular ही आएगी।

• None of the advice given by the expert was helpful. (✔)

• None of the information provided in the report is accurate. (✔)

इन्हें समझने के लिए निम्न table देखिए-

21. Use of verb with Indefinite Pronouns

यदि किसी वाक्य का subject निम्न Indefinite Pronouns में से हो, तो verb singular आती है।

• Everyone was impressed by her speech.

• Someone is knocking on the door.

• Nobody knows the answer to that difficult question.

• Anything is possible if you put your mind to it.

22. Use of verb with ‘Majority’

“Majority” एक collective noun है, इस कारण यह Singular या Plural दोनों में से कोई भी हो सकता है। यह वाक्य के प्रसंग (context) पर निर्भर करता है-

(1) जब ‘majority‘ शब्द व्यक्तियों/वस्तुओं के एक समूह (a group of people/things) का बोध कराता है तब इसे एक single unit अर्थात् singular माना जाता है और इसके साथ singular verb का प्रयोग होता है।

• The majority supports the new legislation.

• An 80% majority is against the proposed increase in taxes.

• A 65 per cent majority is in favour of reducing the use of plastic bags in stores.

(2) लेकिन जब ‘majority‘ शब्द व्यक्तियों/वस्तुओं के एक समूह (a group of people/things) का बोध न कराकर, अलग-अलग व्यक्तियों/वस्तुओं (individuals) का बोध कराता है तो यह Plural माना जाता है और इसके साथ plural verb का प्रयोग होता है।

• The majority of the employees are looking forward to the holiday party.

• The majority of customers were satisfied with the new product.

• A large majority of the population is concerned about climate change.

• A majority of the participants have completed the training program.

Note : “Majority” शब्द का प्रयोग केवल countable nouns के साथ करना चाहिए, uncountable nouns के साथ नहीं। uncountable nouns के साथ “majority” की बजाय “most” का प्रयोग करना चाहिए।

• He ate the majority of the grapes from the fruit bowl. (grapes = countable ✔)

• He ate the majority of the pie. (✖)
  He ate most of the pie. (✔)

23. The percentage of

The percentage of के बाद आने वाला noun singular या plural कोई भी हो सकता है, परन्तु इसके साथ verb हमेशा singular आती है।

इसका कारण: ऐसे वाक्यों में subject percentage होता है जो कि singular माना जाता है, इस कारण इसके साथ singular verb आती है।

• The percentage of children who eat vegetables is growing.

• The percentage of pollution in the air has decreased.

• The percentage of people who voted in the election was very high.

24. Use of verb with Collective Noun

कुछ expressions देखिए-

अतः A team of…, A gang of…ऐसे expressions के बाद noun तो plural आती है लेकिन verb हमेशा singular आती है।

• A team of players is practising hard for the upcoming tournament.

इसका कारण: ऐसे expressions में real subject collective noun- team, batch, series, gang, band, pair, etc. को माना जाता है (जो कि singular number में हैं) न कि players, students, books को। साथ ही ये collective noun एक group/unity (समूह) का बोध कराते हैं इस कारण इन्हें singular माना जाता है तथा इनके साथ singular verb का प्रयोग होता है।

Examples :

• A bouquet of flowers are a classic romantic gift. [use ‘is‘ in place of ‘are‘]

• A gang of robbers were involved in criminal activities. [use ‘was‘ in place of ‘were‘]

• A batch of students is preparing for final exams. (✔)

25. “There” and “It” as introductory subjects

(1) यदि किसी वाक्य का प्रारंभ There से हो, तो There के बाद आने वाले noun के number (singular /plural) के अनुसार ही There के साथ verb (singular/plural) आती है।

• There is a chair in the room.

• There are many chairs in the room.

• There was a loud noise coming from the garage.

• There was a student in the library.

• There were a student and a teacher in the library. (a student and a teacher = plural)

• There is a smile on her face.

• There are many challenges in life.

(2) यदि किसी वाक्य का प्रारंभ It से हो, तो इसके साथ हमेशा singular verb (is, was, has, does) का प्रयोग होता है चाहे इसके बाद noun singular आए या plural.

• It is these boys who are known for their kindness.

• It is we who have faced challenges and overcome them.

• It were Shyam and Sohan who completed the project ahead of schedule. [use ‘was‘ in place of ‘were‘]

26. Unfulfilled desire, wish, condition, hope

वर्तमान की कोरी कल्पना या असंभव अभिलाषा, आशा, शर्त (unfulfilled desire, condition, hope) का भाव व्यक्त करने के लिए कुछ वाक्य निम्न expressions से प्रारंभ होते हैं-

इन expressions के साथ यदि To be का प्रयोग हो तो सिर्फ plural verb ‘were‘ का प्रयोग किया जाता है चाहे subject singular हो या plural.

• I wish I were the PM of India. (✔)
  (काश मैं भारत का प्रधानमंत्री होता)

• She wishes she was a bird. [use ‘were‘ in place of ‘was‘]
  (वह चाहती है कि वह एक पक्षी होती)

• If he was here, he would help us. [use ‘were‘ in place of ‘was‘]
  (अगर वह यहां होता तो हमारी मदद करता)

• If she was rich, she would buy a car. [use ‘were‘ in place of ‘was‘]
  (अगर वह अमीर होती तो एक कार खरीद लेती)

• If he were honest, he would return the lost wallet. (✔)
  (अगर वह ईमानदार होता तो खोया हुआ पर्स वापस कर देता)

• If I were you, I would join the gym for a healthier lifestyle. (✔)
  (अगर मैं आपकी जगह होता, तो स्वस्थ जीवनशैली के लिए जिम ज्वाइन करता)

27. Use of verbs with Numeral and Quantitative expressions

English में कुछ Phrases ऐसे होते हैं जिनका प्रयोग किसी चीज की संख्या (Number) या मात्रा (Quantity) बताने के लिए किया जाता है, इस कारण इनके साथ Singular Verb या Plural Verb का प्रयोग होता है-

इनसे संबंधित दो rules हैं-

(1) यदि इन Phrases के साथ Singular Noun का प्रयोग हो तो Verb Singular आती है।

(2) लेकिन जब इन Phrases के साथ Plural Noun का प्रयोग हो तो Verb Plural आती है।

• A variety of questions were asked during the press conference. [questions = plural noun]

• A variety of food was served at the international food festival. [food = singular noun]

• The rest of the vegetables were used in the soup. [vegetables = plural noun]

• The rest of the money was donated to charity. [money = singular noun]

• Two-thirds of the students were absent from school today.

• Two-thirds of the movie is filled with thrilling action scenes.

• Ten per cent of the products were sold at a discounted price.

• Ten per cent of the project is already completed.

28. “Much, More, Little, Less” as subject

Adjective of Quantity (मात्रा बताने वाले विशेषण)- Much, More, Little, Less का प्रयोग किसी वाक्य के subject के रूप में हो तो Verb Singular आती है।

इसका कारण: ये किसी चीज की मात्रा (Quantity) को बताते हैं इसलिए ये Singular माने जाते हैं अतः इनके साथ Verb Singular आती है।

• Less is known about this ancient civilization.

• More is needed to complete the project.

• Much more was expected from the star player.

• Much less was spent on the vacation than anticipated.

29. “Many, Both, Few, A few” as subject

Many, Both, Few, A few का प्रयोग किसी वाक्य के subject के रूप में हो तो Verb Plural आती है।

• Many want to participate in the event.

• Both were playing in the park yesterday.

• Many were invited but a few have come.

30. Many of, Both of, Few of, A few of

Many of, A good many, A great many, Both of, Few of, A few of के बाद Noun या Pronoun Plural आता है तथा Verb भी Plural आती है।

इसका कारण: ये किसी चीज की संख्या (Number) को बताते हैं इसलिए ये Plural माने जाते हैं अतः इनके साथ Verb Plural आती है।

• Many of the people were dancing at the party

• A few of the apples in the basket are ripe and ready to eat.

• Few of the customers were satisfied with the service.

• Both of the dogs were wagging their tails.

31. Many, Many a/an

Many के बाद noun और verb दोनों plural आते हैं।

• Many books were sold during the book fair. (✔)

• Many emails were received after the product launch. (✔)

परन्तु, Many a/an के बाद noun और verb दोनों singular आते हैं। इस बात का विशेष ध्यान रखें।

• Many a book have been written on this topic. [use ‘has been‘ in place of ‘have been‘]

• Many an opportunity were missed due to hesitations. [use ‘was‘ in place of ‘were‘]

इनके अंतर को समझिए–

• Many birds were flying in the sky. (✔)
• Many a bird was flying in the sky. (✔)

32. Many of/Much of

Many of/Much of के बीच अंतर को समझिए-

(1) Many of के बाद Noun तथा Verb दोनों Plural आते हैं।

• Many of the employees were absent today.

• Many of the students have completed their assignments.

(2) Much of के बाद Noun तथा Verb दोनों Singular आते हैं।

• Much of the research was conducted by a single team.

• Much of the work is still unfinished.

33. “Infinitive, Gerund, Phrase, Clause” as subject

(1) जब किसी Infinitive, Gerund, Phrase, Clause का प्रयोग किसी वाक्य के subject के रूप में हो, तो उसे Singular माना जाता है और उसके साथ Verb Singular आती है।

• To travel the world has always been my dream. (Infinitive)

• Swimming is good for our health. (Gerund)

• Eating fruits and vegetables is necessary for a balanced diet. (Phrase)

• Whether he can solve this problem is still uncertain. (Clause)

(2) लेकिन दो Infinitive, Gerund, Phrase, Clause ‘and‘ से जुड़े हों और वाक्य के subject के रूप में प्रयुक्त हों, तो इन्हें Plural माना जाता है अतः इनके साथ Verb Plural आती है।

• Swimming and sunbathing are popular activities at the beach. (Two gerunds)

• To play the piano and to sing are her passions. (Two infinitive)

• What he says and what he does are a true reflection of his character. (Two clauses)

34. Name of country as ‘team’

(1) जब किसी देश का नाम ‘team‘ शब्द के साथ प्रयोग किया जाता है तो उसे Singular माना जाता है और उसके साथ Verb Singular आती है। (यह व्यावसायिक या खेल के संदर्भ में आम रूप से प्रयुक्त होता है)

• The Indian cricket team is playing well this season.

• The Spanish football team has won the championship.

(2) परन्तु जब किसी देश का नाम as a team प्रयोग किया जाता है तो उसे Plural माना जाता है और उसके साथ Verb Plural आती है।

• India have won by 3 wickets.

• South Africa have beaten Sri Lanka by 20 runs.

35. Use of verb with “Interrogative Pronoun”

यदि किसी वाक्य का प्रारंभ Interrogative Pronoun (What, Which, Who, etc.) से हो तो Verb, अपने बाद आने वाले Noun के Number के अनुसार Singular/Plural प्रयुक्त होती है।

• What are your plans for the weekend? (plans = plural noun)

• What is the price of this watch? (price = singular noun)

• Which is your favourite team? (team = singular noun)

• Who is your best friend? (friend = singular noun)

36. The middle class, The elite class, The upper class

The middle class, The elite class, The upper class, The working class आदि phrases Collective Nouns होते हैं। ये Singular माने जाते हैं अतः इनके साथ Verb भी Singular आती है।

• The middle class is the backbone of the economy.

• The upper class has a long history of influence in politics.

• The working class contributes to society in many ways.

37. Use of verb with “Adverb of Place”

Adverb of place से प्रारंभ होने वाले वाक्यों में Verb हमेशा subject के पहले आती है। अतः उसी subject के number अनुसार Singular/Plural प्रयुक्त होती है।

Adverb of Place: Here, outside, everywhere, near, etc.

• Outside the hotel is a beautiful garden. (garden = singular noun)

• Outside the hotel are two beautiful gardens. (gardens = plural noun)

• Everywhere were colourful flowers. (flowers= plural noun)

• Here lives an old man with his family. (man = singular noun )

Subject-Verb Agreement Quiz

इस पोस्ट को पढने के बाद आप निम्न Quizzes के द्वारा exams की Practice कर सकते हैं-

• Subject-Verb Agreement Quiz (set-1)

• Subject-Verb Agreement Quiz (set-2)

• Subject-Verb Agreement Quiz (set-3)

Final thoughts

प्रिय पाठकों, हमें आशा है कि आपको Subject-Verb Agreement की यह पोस्ट जरूर पसंद आयी होगी। सभी से निवेदन है कि इस पोस्ट को अपने दोस्तों के साथ share जरूर करें। इस website पर English Grammar से संबंधित content सरल भाषा में दिया गया है। कृपया हमसे जुड़े रहें।

Also read-

• Noun Rules for competitive exams

• Adjective Rules for competitive exams

• Modals in Hindi

• Question Tags in Hindi